Red eyes are not just a seasonal symptom; they can also indicate various diseases.

Red eyes occur when the blood vessels in the white part of the eye expand, making them more visible. Red eyes can be categorized into two types:

  1. Severe Red Eyes - This can be identified by symptoms such as blurred vision, poor eyesight, a burning sensation around the eyes, along with persistent redness of the blood vessels around the iris, swollen eyelids, and yellow-green discharge. These symptoms fall under the category of severe red eyes.
  2. Mild Red Eyes - Typically, mild red eyes present with basic symptoms like eye irritation, itching, or allergies. This includes conditions like pterygium and pinguecula. Mild red eyes usually do not have discharge, and if there is any, it is clear and sticky. Vision remains normal. In cases of red eyes due to broken capillaries, they may look alarming, but they are not dangerous and usually heal on their own within 1-2 weeks.

 

Examples of conditions associated with mild red eyes include:

 

Allergic red eyes typically involve itching and swelling, which can vary in severity from person to person. Allergic red eyes may present with bumps under the upper eyelid, and if these bumps are large, they can rub against the cornea. Excessive itching can lead to corneal abrasions, potentially escalating to severe red eyes. Some individuals may also experience other symptoms such as a runny nose or general itching.

 

Red eyes from pterygium and pinguecula usually cause irritation from wind, sunlight, dust, or smoke. Regular use of prescribed eye drops for irritation is recommended, along with avoiding exposure to these irritants.

 

Red eyes from broken capillaries may vary in severity. The redness can appear alarming, but the condition is generally not serious as it does not penetrate the cornea. However, adults on blood-thinning medications or certain heart medications may experience prolonged bleeding. This type of red eye is not dangerous and typically resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks without the need for treatment, although applying warm compresses can help.

 

Seasonal red eyes, such as those caused by viral conjunctivitis, often occur during the rainy season and may present with watery discharge. If seen by a doctor, they may prescribe artificial tears or mild antibiotics to prevent secondary infections. Preventative measures include avoiding contact with infected individuals, taking time off work to prevent spreading the virus, ensuring adequate rest, and avoiding exercise, as the virus can weaken the body. It is also crucial to wash hands frequently to prevent viral infections.

 

Examples of conditions associated with severe red eyes include:

 

Red eyes from gonococcal infection are caused by bacteria that can penetrate the cornea, potentially leading to severe damage and even blindness. This type of red eye is characterized by excessive discharge that reappears shortly after being wiped away. Newborns are particularly at risk of infection during delivery, while adults may contract it from infected partners. Although rare today due to improved prenatal care, anyone experiencing this type of red eye should seek immediate medical attention. It is important to inquire whether partners have a gonococcal infection, as the bacteria can also reside in the genital area. If left untreated for 24-48 hours, the infection can easily penetrate the cornea.

 

Red eyes from acute glaucoma initially present with persistent redness around the iris, cloudy cornea, dilated pupils, eye pain, headaches, nausea, and decreased vision. Acute glaucoma is caused by elevated intraocular pressure, which can lead to blindness if untreated. Immediate treatment is necessary to lower eye pressure, which may involve medication, injections, eye drops, laser treatment, or in some cases, surgical intervention.

 

Red eyes from shingles, particularly on the face, may not seem related to the eyes, but lesions can extend to the nose and upper eyelids, potentially affecting the eyes. The cornea may show specific abrasions resembling leaf veins. This virus is part of the herpes virus family. If detected, it is crucial to see a doctor within 24 hours to receive antiviral medication to alleviate nerve pain and discomfort.

 

Thank you for the information from www.thaihealth.or.th